
General Interpretation
Rapid Review
- Background
- A basic, systematic approach to interpreting the EKG includes determination of Rate, Rhythm, Axis, Hypertrophy, Intervals, and Infarction
- Findings
- Rate
- Normal
- Tachycardia
- Bradycardia
- Rhythm
- Regular
- Regularly Irregular
- Irregularly Irregular
- Axis
- Normal Axis
- Left Axis Deviation
- Right Axis Deviation
- Extreme Right Axis Deviation
- Hypertrophy
- Left Atrial Enlargement
- Right Atrial Enlargement
- Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
- Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
- Intervals
- Shortened PR
- Prolonged PR
- Widened QRS
- Prolonged QT
- Ischemia
- Q-Waves
- ST-Segment Elevation
- ST-Segment Depression
- Hyperacute T-Waves
- Inverted T-Waves
- Rate
Pearls

Tachyarrhythmias
Rapid Review
- Background
- Defined as any EKG with a rate of > 100 bpm. Further divided based mechanism/etiology.
- Common Types
- Sinus Tachycardia
- Atrial Fibrillation
- Atrial Flutter
- Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia
- Supraventricular Tachycardia
- Ventricular Tachycardia
Pearls

Bradyarrhythmias
Rapid Review
- Background
- Defined as any rhythm < 60 bpm. Further divided based on mechanism/etiology.
- Common Types
- Sinus Bradycardia
- Junctional Bradycardia
- Sinus Arrest
- AV Nodal Blocks
- 1st Degree
- 2nd Degree, Mobitz Type I (Wenckebach)
- 2nd Degree, Mobitz Type II
- 3rd Degree
Pearls

Ischemia/Infarction
Rapid Review
- Background
- Cardiac ischemia and/or infarction can be diagnosed by analyzing the QRS complexes, ST segments, and T-waves on a 12-lead ECG.
- Common Findings
- Ischemia
- St-Segment Depression
- T-Wave Flattening or Inversion
- Hyperacute T-Wave
- Infarction
- ST-Segment Elevation
- LBBB (If meets Sgarbossa criteria)
- Ischemia
Pearls